For many seniors, retiring is not an option, preferring to work full-time or part-time. Some even move on to a second career. Surprisingly, there are a lot of available jobs for the elderly population. However, the sobering realities are that they are more vulnerable to injuries, and not every workplace is designed to be safer for the elderly.
In general, those in their 60s are not as spry, flexible, or energetic as when they were younger. Physiological changes come with aging and chronic diseases, such as impaired vision, hearing deficit, reduced muscle strength, decreased bone density, slowed reaction time, and reduced balance and coordination. These can contribute to increased on-the-job injuries rendering the usual work environment less safe.
For instance, arthritis is a common health condition that affects 47% of older people. Symptoms like pain, swelling, and stiffness can limit what they can do without putting undue stress on the joints. Stooping, bending, kneeling, lifting, climbing the stairs, and even something as mundane as turning the doorknob can be challenging.
Even when they are accustomed to working for hours on the computer, having arthritis means that they may not be able to use the keyboard or mouse for long or sit for long hours without risking injury. It is prudent for employed seniors or those preparing to rejoin the workforce to undergo a physical exam such as that in Communityhcp.com to determine fitness for work and flag health conditions requiring attention.
Work For Seniors?
Many seniors resist the thought of peacefully lying somewhere with a drink in hand, dozing off whenever it pleases them. With a life expectancy of 78, it’s no surprise that people aren’t talking about retirement just yet. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2020, 10.6 million seniors were still working, half earning upward of $50,000 per year.
In fact, over a quarter of those 65–74 years old were gainfully employed, as are almost 9% of those 75 and older. Numerous jobs are available; and Indeed.com, a popular job site, reports that part-time jobs for mid-skilled seniors earn anywhere from $15 to $24 per hour, with wages higher for those in the health, therapy, and nursing fields.
Unfortunately, employment is not a whim but a necessity for some—they just can’t afford to retire! That said, the brisk pace at the workplace, the extra income it provides, the responsibility, and the congenial atmosphere are preferred by many seniors over staying home, even if it carries a higher chance for injury.
Common Work-Related Injuries In Seniors
Some injuries are immediately evident, especially when due to accidents. However, in many cases, the employee refuses to see a doctor until it becomes serious or debilitating. Preventative measures like having a physical exam, seeing a doctor post-injury even when there are no symptoms, and ergonomic adjustments can make a difference in seniors’ health, safety, and happiness in their extended workplace.
Here are some of the most common work injuries that the elderly population may encounter:
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Falls, Slips, And Trips
According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the United States Department of Labor, trips are the second most common cause of injury in the workplace. It can lead to falls, wounds, bruises, fractures, sprains, and even death. As balance and coordination may decline with age, older workers are at a higher risk of falling. Falls can result in fractures, sprains, strains, and other serious injuries.
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Overexertion
Overexertion is a major cause of occupational injury. This includes injuries from excessive physical effort like lifting, pushing, pulling, holding, carrying, or throwing activities.
It also applies to injuries resulting from repetitive motions, vibration, and microtasks that stress some body parts, especially if these are done in an awkward position. These ergonomic injuries result in pain and damage over time as tendons, ligaments, or muscles are strained. This type of injury includes carpal tunnel syndrome, Reynaud’s disease, pinched nerve, and herniated disks.
Musculoskeletal injuries include back pain, arthritis, and repetitive strain injuries. Excess weight, prolonged standing, heavy lifting, or repetitive motions can worsen these conditions in older workers. Older workers may be at greater risk due to decreased muscle strength and endurance.
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Eye Strain And Vision-Related Issues
With aging, eyesight typically declines, making poor lighting and screen glare major issues when jobs require focused vision. For instance, a younger employee may not get eyestrain when working on computer graphics. Seniors, on the other hand, may find that working on single screens leads to vision-related issues like tearing and headaches.
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Hearing Loss
Chronic exposure to loud noise can lead to hearing issues, which are already more common in older individuals. This can also be a safety concern if it prevents workers from hearing alarms or warnings.
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Cuts And Lacerations
Due to potentially decreased hand strength and coordination, older workers may be more prone to cuts and lacerations when handling tools and equipment.
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Vehicle And Equipment Accidents
Slow reaction times and vision issues can make older workers more susceptible to accidents when operating vehicles or heavy machinery.
The Role Of Ergonomics For A Safer Workplace
Ergonomics involves designing or arranging workplaces, products, and systems to fit the people who use them. It takes into consideration factors like the physical capabilities and limitations of individuals to optimize their comfort, safety, and productivity.
For the elderly, ergonomics is especially critical, as it can help reduce the risk of work-related injuries and improve comfort and productivity. Here are some ergonomic strategies that can be specifically tailored to meet the needs of older workers:
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Adjustable and Supportive
Chairs should be adjustable and provide support to the lower back. They should also allow the feet to be flat on the floor or a footrest.
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Proper Lighting
As vision can decline with age, it is crucial to have adequate and adjustable lighting to reduce glare and eye strain. Bright, white light and reflectors should be avoided whenever possible.
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Workspace Design
Arrange workspaces to be clutter-free and organized, allowing for easy movement and reducing the risk of falls. Wheelchair ramps should be non-slippery.
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Keyboard And Mouse Placement
These should be placed so that the arms are close to the body and the hands are at or below elbow level, reducing strain on the shoulders, arms, and wrists.
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Monitor Placement
Computer monitors should be at eye level and at a distance where the text is easily readable without leaning forward or backward. Bigger monitors or double monitors can be used for seniors with vision problems.
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Standing Desk Options
Adjustable desks that allow for sitting and standing periods can help prevent stiffness and reduce pressure on the lower back. They are beneficial to those with mobility issues or medical conditions that require them to frequently change positions during the day.
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Regular Breaks And Stretching Exercises
Encourage regular short breaks to stand, stretch, and move, which can help to prevent strain and stiffness.
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Tools And Equipment Design
Use tools and equipment that are lightweight, easy to grip, and designed to reduce strain on the hands and wrists. Features such as vibration damping or shock absorption can further reduce the impact on joints and muscles.
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Flooring
Opt for flooring that reduces slip hazards and provides cushioning to minimize the impact on the joints. Non-slip surfaces, such as rubberized or textured flooring, can provide better traction and stability, particularly in areas prone to spills or moisture.
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Task Rotation
Rotate workers through various tasks that use different muscles to avoid repetitive strain injuries. A variation in tasks helps to distribute the workload more evenly throughout the body, which can prevent muscle imbalances and the associated risks.
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Training and Education
Train older workers on ergonomic principles and the proper use of equipment. Regularly review and adjust as necessary.
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Work Process Modification
Modify the work process to eliminate unnecessary tasks and movements, reducing the physical burden on older workers.
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Temperature Control
Keep the workplace at a comfortable temperature, considering that older individuals may be more sensitive to extremes of hot or cold.
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Accessible Controls and Displays
Make sure that controls and displays on machines and equipment are easy to read, reach, and operate.
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Footrests
Providing footrests can help to support the legs and reduce pressure on the lower back when seated.
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Anti-Fatigue Mats
For jobs that require prolonged standing, anti-fatigue mats can reduce the strain on the legs and lower back.
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Noise Control
Since hearing can decline with age, it’s important to control noise levels and provide hearing protection if necessary.
Conclusion
These ergonomic interventions can make a significant difference in the health and well-being of older workers. Employers need to consult with ergonomics professionals who can assess the specific needs of their workers and recommend appropriate changes. Employers should also engage with their older workers directly to understand their unique needs and to develop ergonomic solutions collaboratively.
Remember that implementing ergonomic solutions not only helps protect employees’ health but also often results in increased productivity and job satisfaction, making it a win-win for both employees and employers.